Peru

A ditadura militar peruana (1968-1980 ) apresenta particularidades que a diferencia das demais Ditaduras Civis-Militares latino-americanas. Esse processo ditatorial pode ser dividido em duas fases completamente distintas. Entre 1968 e 1975, foi instaurada a ditadura do general Juan Velasco Alvarado com o golpe de Estado de 03 de outubro de 1968, que depôs o então presidente Fernando Belaúnde Terry (1963-1968). Durante essa fase, ainda que tenha sido instaurado um regime militar destinado a apaziguar as tensões sociais e colocar o Peru nos trilhos do desenvolvimento capitalista, o regime reformista de Alvarado apresentou um certo grau de perspectiva progressista e de inserção social. São desse período as iniciativas de reforma agrária, a organização dos trabalhadores e dos movimentos sociais, até mesmo como forma de mitigar as tensões provenientes dos setores populares, campesinos e sindicais.
Após a deposição do general Alvarado, instaurou-se a ditadura militar de Francisco Morales Bermúdez (1975-1980), por meio da qual foram adotadas medidas de austeridade econômica liberal e de intensa repressão aos trabalhadores urbanos, estudantes e camponeses. Contudo, somente depois do fim da ditadura de Bermúdez e do retorno de Belaúnde Terry ao poder, em 1980, somado ao recrudescimento das atividades guerrilheiras de grupos armados como o Sendero Luminoso (PCP-SL) e o “Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru” (MRTA), é que se iniciou um conflito interno de vinte anos (1980-2000), no qual foram praticados atos de repressão e violações aos Direitos Humanos nos moldes das Ditaduras Civis-Militares latino-americanas. A maior parte dessas violações ocorreram sob os governos dos presidentes civis Belaúnde Terry (1980-1985), Alan García (1985-1990) e Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000)…saiba mais

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